Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in Pakistan, but has influences from Arabic. It uses a very similar script to Persian, and has grammar and vocabulary derived from Hindi. It is also mutually intelligible with Hindi.
| Letter | Transliteration |
|---|---|
| ا | a |
| ب | b |
| پ | p |
| ت | t |
| ث | s |
| ج | j |
| چ | ch |
| ح | h |
| خ | kh |
| د | d |
| ذ | z |
| ر | r |
| ز | z |
| ژ | zh |
| س | s |
| ش | sh |
| ص | s |
| ض | z |
| ط | t |
| ظ | z |
| ع | ʿ |
| غ | gh |
| ف | f |
| ق | q |
| ک | k |
| گ | g |
| ل | l |
| م | m |
| ن | n |
| و | v |
| ه | h |
| ی | y |